Transcription from "William Lane Craig"
As a boy I wondered at the existence of the universe. I wondered where it came from. Did it have a beginning? I remember lying in bed at night trying to think of a beginningless universe. Every event would be preceded by another event, back and back into the past, with no stopping point—or, more accurately, no starting point! An infinite past, with no beginning! My mind reeled at the prospect. It just seemed inconceivable to me. There must have been a beginning at some point, I thought, in order for everything to get started.
Little did I suspect that for centuries—millennia, really—men had grappled with the idea of an infinite past and the question of whether there was a beginning of the universe. Ancient Greek philosophers believed that matter was necessary and uncreated and therefore eternal. God may be responsible for introducing order into the cosmos, but He did not create the universe itself.
This Greek view was in contrast to even more ancient Jewish thought about the subject. Hebrew writers held that the universe has not always existed but was created by God at some point in the past. As the first verse of the Hebrew holy scriptures states: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1).
Understanding Connectors in English Writing and Speech
Connectors are words or phrases that help establish logical relationships between ideas in a text. They improve the flow and coherence of sentences and paragraphs, making the message clearer for the reader or listener. In the excerpt provided, several types of connectors are used to fulfill different purposes. Let’s explore their roles and categories:
1. Conjunctions
Conjunctions link words, phrases, or clauses. They are among the most common connectors in English and play a vital role in creating compound and complex sentences.
Examples from the text:
- and: Combines ideas of equal importance (e.g., "men had grappled with the idea of an infinite past and the question of whether there was a beginning...").
- but: Introduces contrast (e.g., "...but He did not create the universe itself").
- or: Presents an alternative (e.g., "...no stopping point—or, more accurately, no starting point!").
2. Prepositions
Prepositions indicate relationships involving time, place, direction, cause, or manner. They often act as connectors between a noun (or pronoun) and another part of the sentence.
Examples from the text:
- of: Shows possession or association (e.g., "the existence of the universe").
- in: Indicates location or time (e.g., "lying in bed at night").
- at: Specifies a point in time or space (e.g., "lying at night").
3. Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases
Adverbs and adverbial phrases modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and they often serve as connectors when they show relationships of time, cause, or sequence.
Examples from the text:
- as: Indicates comparison or simultaneous actions (e.g., "As a boy, I wondered...").
- there: Refers to a specific location or existence (e.g., "...whether there was a beginning of the universe").
- then: Implied sequence or time (though not explicit in this passage).
4. Subordinating Conjunctions
These connect dependent clauses to independent clauses, showing relationships of time, cause, condition, or comparison.
Examples from the text:
- that: Introduces a dependent clause (e.g., "...suspect that for centuries...").
- for: Indicates purpose or reason (e.g., "Little did I suspect that for centuries...").
5. Pronouns as Connectors
Pronouns can act as connectors by referring back to previously mentioned subjects, making the text less repetitive.
Examples from the text:
- he: Refers to God (e.g., "...He did not create the universe itself").
- it: Refers to a concept or object (e.g., "It just seemed inconceivable to me").
Why Connectors Matter
Using connectors effectively can transform fragmented thoughts into cohesive, engaging narratives. They are essential in argumentative writing, storytelling, academic texts, and everyday conversation. Learning to recognize and apply connectors correctly can help enhance both writing and comprehension skills.
By practicing their use, you can ensure your communication flows naturally and logically, making your message clearer and more impactful!
Comentarios
Publicar un comentario